Daily Index Plan removes country
risk from exchange rate
The
17 countries in the European Monetary Union are, in practice, “Dollarized” in
terms of the Euro. They have stable monetary economies (one third of their
economies: the non-monetary economy being made up of the constant and variable
item economies), but their central banks have no independent monetary policy
capability. The European Central Bank is not a federal central bank: in
principle, it is the German Bundesbank in disguise. The Euro is a monetary
policy straight-jacket for 16 EMU countries, not for Germany. As long as the 17
balance (or get close to balancing) their government spending with receipts,
the Euro is stable and first level Euro countries like Germany and Holland can
grow, while – at the exact same time - countries like Greece and Portugal are
in recession to the great detriment (maybe for the next 10 to 15 years) of the
populations of these countries as a result of no federal political system in
the European Union which most probably will never come about (e.g., Portugal
and Greece are not East Germany who received 100 billion Euros per annum in
development funds for years). The Euro is good for Germany in all respects, not
for Portugal and Greece in expansionary monetary policy capability which is
zero under the current EMU set up. The Euro is simply the Deutche Mark in
European colours.
The
central banks of Portugal, Greece and Ireland cannot implement the very
successful US and Japanese policy of unlimited credit (what Portugal and Greece
actually need now) during an economic crisis or monetary easing like the US does
or create 6 percent inflation (the upper inflation target in a growing economy
like South Africa, for example) via simply, sovereignly creating new money on a
temporary basis (to be removed later on from the money supply: see US quantitative
easing) in their monetary economies. Portugal and Greece would be able to do
that if we were to first adopt the Daily Index Plan and then leave the European
Monetary Union while remaining in the European Union like the United Kingdom.
In
exactly the same way as Belgium can have no government for two years
(completely secure with a completely open economy in the heart of the Europe
Union), so can Portugal and Greece leave the Euro Monetary Union after first
implementing the Daily Index Plan while staying in the European Union. The IMF
is always there in the background as a backstop to avoid sovereign default. The
ECB and the European Commission are not critical for this purpose: see the
mission of the IMF.
The
individual EMU country risk has thus been removed from the Euro exchange rate
by “Dollarizing” EMU countries in terms of the relatively stable Euro. The
individual country risk is now reflected in the individual country´s government
bond interest rate: the new country risk paradigm.
The
same would happen under the Daily Index Plan in any economy with a Daily CPI
fully reflecting a currency´s foreign exchange exposure during low inflation or
the US Dollar daily free-market exchange rate being used as the actual Daily Index
during high and hyperinflation. With daily indexing the entire constant item
economy and daily inflation-indexing of the entire monetary economy, the
monetary economy and constant item economies would be “Dollarized” in terms of
a constant (not nominal) local currency unit always being exactly equal to the
US Dollar when the USD free-market exchange rate is used as the Daily Index
during high and hyperinflation, but the local Central Bank would have
completely autonomous monetary policy capability.
Whenever
the foreign exchange rate (USD parallel rate during hyperinflation) would
change it would immediately be fully reflected in the entire economy by all
constant items and all monetary items automatically being indexed to the new
foreign exchange value via the Daily CPI or the actual US Dollar daily exchange
rate being used as the Daily Index (as Brazil did for 30 years with their daily
indices). It would make no difference to stability in the local economy: all
constant items and monetary items would be automatically indexed on a daily
basis: in principle, what Brazil did for 30 years in their constant item
economy and part of their monetary economy (Brazil did not inflation-adjust
their entire money supply during the referred period) from 1964 to 1994 during
very high inflation and hyperinflation.
This
would remove the country risk from the exchange rate: the constant and monetary
economies would be “Dollarized” in terms of a constant (indexed) local currency
unit, with a Central Bank with full monetary policy capability. The country
risk would be reflected in the government bond interest rate as it is now (2012)
happening in Greece, Portugal and Ireland in the EMU.
Two
countries (or monetary regions) both implementing the Daily Index Plan would
have an almost permanently fixed foreign exchange rate between the two
countries with their individual country risks being reflected in each
government´s bond interest rate.
The
Daily Index Plan would thus generally lead to very low inflation immediately
after its introduction – all else being equal - in hyperinflationary countries
because of the use of the daily US Dollar free-market exchange rate as the Daily
Index in the entire economy (as it happened, in principle, in 1994 in Brazil
with the Real Plan).
(The
EU part of this article is obviously influenced by my Portuguese self-interest.)
Nicolaas Smith
Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.