The IASB has double standards

1. IAS 21, Par. 8: "Monetary items are units of currency held and assets and liabilities to be received or paid in a fixed or determinable number of units of currency."

2. IAS 29, Par. 12: "Monetary items are money held and items to be received or paid in money."


Here is the correct definition of monetary items:

Monetary items constitute the money supply.

For example: trade debtors (receivables) and trade creditors (payables) are not part of the money supply. They are not monetary items: they are constant real value non-monetary items.

 

Nicolaas Smith

Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

More Inflation Is the Cure for the Fed’s Impotence

Bloomberg

More Inflation Is the Cure for the Fed’s Impotence.

PIGS have to stay impotent since there is no help from the ECB with higher inflation and unlimited credit.

Difference between Fed and ECB

Difference between Fed and ECB

The Fed's mandate is "to promote sustainable growth, high levels of employment, stability of prices to help preserve the purchasing power of the dollar and moderate long-term interest rates." The ECB has no mandate to promote high levels of employment. The result is very real with 29 million unemployed in Europe.


Nicolaas Smith

Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

EMU countries are dollarized in terms of the Euro (Deutsche Mark)

EMU countries are dollarized in terms of the Euro (Deutsche Mark)

Dollarized countries have no independent monetary policies. EMU countries have no independent monetary policies. Their Central Banks have no autonomous monetary policy capability, the same as in dollarized countries like Zimbabwe, Equador and Panama.

Nicolaas Smith

Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Unlimited credit for PIGS

America and Japan successfully use the economic policy of unlimited credit in their economies: creating inflation in the case of Japan and quantitive easing in the case of the USA. Germany used the policy of unlimited credit very successfully in the case of East Germany after unification, but refuses to agree to the ECB using it in the case of Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain.

Europe uses the economically destructive policy of austerity in Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PIGS).

Inflation means that where the inflation is created, i.e., where the unlimited credit or free money is injected in the economy the country receives unlimited credit at no cost while the rest of the economy (consumers) pays for it in a slight increase in prices over a single year.

The ECB should supply PIGS with unlimited credit and consumers in the European Monetary Union would pay for it in a sligth increase in prices in every transaction over a single year. This would eliminate the neccessity for disastrous bail-outs at punitive payback rates that could stretch over a number of years.

When PIGS are economically sound again, the ECB would stop the unlimited credit.

Nicolaas Smith

Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Objectives of accounting / general purpose financial reporting

Objectives of accounting / general purpose financial reporting 

Updated on 14 January 2014

The objectives of general purpose financial reporting / accounting are

1. "To provide financial information about  the reporting entity that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions about providing resources to the entity.”  Conceptual Framework

and

2. To legalise measurement bases that result in automatic capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power in terms of an index that follows all (at least DAILY) changes in the general price level for an indefinite period of time in entities that at least break even in real value - ceteris paribus - during low inflation, high inflation, hyperinflation and deflation.


Nicolaas Smith

Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

How to automatically maintain your compay´s capital (equity) constant in real value

How to automatically maintain your compay´s capital (equity) constant in real value

 

Stop the stable measuring unit assumption (i.e. stop Historical Cost Accounting).

Guidance

1.                  Implement IFRS-authorised Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power in terms of a Daily Index.

2.                  Keep no monetary item overnight unless it is inflation-indexed on a daily basis during inflation.

3.                  Your General Conditions of Sale (Contracts) has to state that outstanding receivables and payables will be measured in units of constant purchasing power on a daily basis in terms of a Daily Index from the date of sale (contract) till the date of settlement.

Do not ask the IASB for guidance in this issue. They do not understand IFRS-authorised CMCUPP. Contact me for guidance at realvalueaccounting[at]yahoo.com.

Nicolaas Smith
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

How to automatically stabilise your economy

How to automatically stabilise your economy

Stop the stable measuring unit assumption (i.e. stop Historical Cost Accounting).

 

Guidance

1.       Implement IFRS-authorised Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power in terms of a Daily Index.

2.       Inflation-index all monetary items daily in terms of a Daily Index with all money inside the banking system.

3.       The Central Bank is required to pay to (during inflation) or receive from (during deflation) commercial banks interest in terms of the Daily Index on the total overnight cash balances in commercial banks.

Do not ask the IASB for guidance in this issue. They do not understand IFRS-authorised CMCUPP. Contact me for guidance at realvalueaccounting[at]yahoo.com.

Nicolaas Smith
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

See Hyperinflation in action

See Hyperinflation r in action.

IASB incapable of expressing a view about IAS 29 in Zimbabwe

 
According to Michael Stewart, Director of Implementation Activities at the IASB:

'I made a comment that until such time as the IASB decides that IAS 29 should be either amended or withdrawn, it is the appropriate standard to apply when the functional currency of an entity is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy (as defined in that standard). I think this is very different from the statement that you have attributed to me that "the IASB is satisfied with the implementation of IAS 29 during 8 years in Zimbabwe's hyperinflationary economy". The IASB has not conducted a review of the implementation of IAS 29 during 8 years in Zimbabwe's hyperinflationary economy so it is not possible for the IASB to express such a view without having undertaken such a review.'

Personal communication, 2013

Most accountants in the world, except the members of the IASB according to Michael Stewart as well as himself, can express the view that the implementation of IAS 29 had no positive effect in Zimbabwe.

Only the IASB and Michael Stewart need a review.

Most other interested parties can recognise what is obvious in history.

Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

IASB clueless about financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power

IASB clueless about financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power

Updated 12-01-2014

The IASB does not understand the difference between

1. Financial statements measured in constant purchasing power units (Agenda Paper 20)

and

2. Financial statements prepared under the concept of financial capital maintenance in constant purchasing power units. (Paper Topic)

The proofs are in the links.

(The IASB removed the title of Agenda Paper 20 which hides (in order to hide?) the fact that they had the two different descriptions for the same item: the one in the Title of Agenda Paper 20 on the Schedule for the 22 - 23 January 2013 IFRS Interpretations Committee meeting and the other in the actual Paper Topic in the actual Agenda Paper 20 pdf file.)

The IASB does not understand that financial statements prepared under the CAPITAL MAINTENANCE CONCEPT of finacial capital maintenance in constant purchasing power units is very, very, very different from year end financial statements simply measured (restated after year-end) in constant purchasing power units. The IASB is as blind as a bat about capital maintenance: absolutely clueless. However, I have come to realise that this is simply a reflection of the general view in most (not all - see CPA Australia and the Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia´s view that the IASB has "a lack of understanding about the fundamental role a capital maintenance concept has within the accounting framework") of the accounting profession about the financial capital maintenance concept.

Agenda Paper 20 contains 16 unresolved errors / problems / disagreements with the submitter (me).

As can be seen from the links, the IASB uses the two different descriptions of two different concepts for (the same) Agenda Paper 20.


Nicolaas Smith


Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Updated 12-01-2014

The most destructive requirement in IFRS authorised by the very inefficient IASB

The most destructive requirement in IFRS authorised by the very inefficient IASB

 

The failed IAS 29, the IASB´s greatest failure to date, affected the Zimbabwe economy very negatively during hyperinflation. It was implemented during various years in Zimbabwe´s hyperinflationary economy with no positive effect. The failed IAS 29 had a very negative effect since it encourages and requires the implementation of the Historical Cost Accounting model during hyperinflation, the most destructive requirement in IFRS authorised by the very inefficient IASB.

Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Financial reporting affects the economy

Financial reporting affects the economy

Accounting which includes financial reporting affects the economy via the accounting policies and especially the measurement bases adopted by entities.  Accounting records economic activity. Economic activity is affected by the choice of accounting policies and measurement bases. Accounting is recording of economic activity. Accounting policies influence the choice of measurement bases which affects the economy.

The single most powerful measurement base affecting the economy is the choice of implementing the stable measuring unit assumption, i.e., choosing Historical Cost Accounting.

The actual implementation of the stable measuring unit assumption is not the recording of economic activity. Implementing the stable measuring unit assumption  is a business practice / policy which is after the event recorded via accounting and financial reporting when the period-end financial statements are prepared.

Thus implementing the stable measuring unit assumption is not accounting. It is the implementation of a business practice. The Conceptual Framework states that the choice of the measurement bases and the capital maintenance concept chosen, determines the accounting model.

HCA causes the cost of inflation and the cost of hyperinflation because it is chosen by the board of directors as the accounting model to be used by the entity. HCA requires the implementation of the stable measuring unit assumption in the measurement of certain items.

HCA determines the business practice. HCA decides when economic items will be required to be measured implementing the stable measuring unit assumption.

Thus, HCA causes the cost of inflation and the cost of hyperinflation, not actual inflation and actual hyperinflation which are economic processes, not accounting practices.

Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Bank of Japan bows to inflation pressure.

CNN

Bank of Japan bows to inflation pressure.

World Bank response

World Bank response to my unsuccessful request for funding for Sustainable Development without Borders (NGO):


"The research that you propose would indeed be of great interest to countries experiencing high inflation rates."


Jean-Jaques Dethier
Research Manager
Development Economics
World Bank


Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Venezuela in hyperinflation struggles for food supplies

Venezuela in hyperinflation struggles for food supplies

Nicolaas Smith Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions. Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Financial reporting is accounting and it does affect the economy

Financial reporting is accounting and it does affect the economy

 

Every accounting entry eventually is part of the financial reports for the financial period. To prepare the financial reports in terms of IFRS or US GAAP or whatever standard at the end of the financial period, an entity´s economic activities are accounted from the first till the last day of the financial period. That all ends up finally in the financial report. The measurement bases used during the reporting period do affect the economy. In principle, it all boils down to whether you implement the stable measuring unit assumption or not.

 

To be able to prepare the financial reports at the year-end you have to do the whole financial year’s accounting: from the beginning to the end. So, all of accounting is part of financial reporting. It is impossible to do the financial reports without accounting.

 

David Mosso stated that accounting is a measurement instrument. He could just as well have stated financial reporting is a measurement instrument. Financial reporting includes accounting: all accounting entries during the financial year and the financial reports at the end of the financial period.

 

So, financial reporting does affect the economy.

 

 

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Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Implementation of the failed IAS 29 in Zimbabwe

The implementation of daily measurement of most non-monetary and some monetary items in units of constant purchasing power in terms of a daily index based almost entirely on the daily USD free-market exchange rate during hyperinflation, for example the Unidade Real de Valor (URV), in Brazil during 30 years of very high and hyperinflation resulted in a relative stable non-monetary economy from 1964 to 1994 in that country. Brazil´s hyperinflation ended in 1994 with the implementation of the Real Plan. IAS 29 was authorized in 1989.

The above model of daily measurement in units of constant purchasing power did not happen during the implementation of the failed IAS 29 during hyperinflation in Zimbabwe.

In this respect, the implementation of the failed IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies, had no positive effect on the economy in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe´s economy imploded in 2008.

Under IFRS-authorised Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power in terms of a URV-based Daily Index, Zimbabwe´s economy would not have imploded in 2008. This model would today stabilise Belarus, Venezuela and (I am sorry, President Obama) Iran´s economy.

CMUCPP was authorised in IFRS in the original Framework (1989), Par. 104 (a), now the Conceptual Framework (2010), Par. 4.59 (a) which states:

"Financial capital maintenance can be measured in either nominal monetary units or in units of constant purchasing power."

Buy the Kindle e-book at Amazon.com

 

Nicolaas Smith
Opinions on this blog expressed by me are my personal opinions.
Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Nicolaas J Smith. All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission.

Pay by phone in the UK with just your telephone number

Pay by phone in the UK with just your telephone number.

BBC

Venezuela´s on track for the highest inflation in the world this year.

CNN Venezuela´s on track for the highest inflation in the world this year.